Located on hills surrounded by the Tagus River, the origins of Toledo date from pre-Roman times. In Roman times it was called Toletum and developed an important iron industry. After the Romans, it became the capital city under the Visigoths. The city was taken by the Moors in 711 loosing its status of capital city. Moors, Christians and Jews co-existed peacefully for many centuries. In 1085 the city was retaken by King Alfonso VI. King Alfonso X el Sabio established the School of Translators in the 13th century, bringing eastern knowledge to the west. Holy Roman Emperor Charles V made Toledo his capital in 1522, until it was moved to Madrid by King Philip II in 1561. The painter known as El Greco (1541-1614) lived and worked in Toledo during the second half of his life.